As a campaign to save the life of an Iranian woman gathers pace, Channel 4 News learns the woman will no longer be stoned to death but still faces the death penalty.
Warning: the accompanying report by Jonathan Miller contains disturbing images
Sakineh Mohammadi-Ashtiani, 43, was convicted of adultery in 2007 and sentenced to death by stoning.
Sakineh Mohammadi-Ashtiani, 43, was convicted of adultery in 2007 and sentenced to death by stoning.
The British government, human rights organisations and celebrities joined a campaign to save her after her son, 22-year-old Sajad Ghader-zade, risked his own safety to send out an impassioned plea for help, saying there was "no justice" in his country.
The Iranian Embassy in London has confirmed to Channel 4 News that she will no longer face the death penalty by stoning, but said she was still sentenced to death by other means.
Iranian Embassy statement:
"Considering the statements made by the Foreign Office Minister Alistair Burt on an Iranian national, Mrs Sakineh Mohammadi Ashtiani, and her execution, hereby this mission denies the false news aired in this respect and notifies the Ministry that according to information from the relevant judicial authorities in Iran, she will not be executed by stoning punishment.
"It is notable that this kind of punishment has rarely been implemented in Iran and various means and remedies must be probed and exhausted to finally come up with such a punishment.
"It should be added that the stoning punishment has not been cited in the draft Islamic Penal Code being deliberated in the Iranian Parliament.
"The Embassy of the Islamic Republic of Iran highly recommends that news and reports should not be taken for granted and considered a reliable source of information for official statements or misjudgements."
"Considering the statements made by the Foreign Office Minister Alistair Burt on an Iranian national, Mrs Sakineh Mohammadi Ashtiani, and her execution, hereby this mission denies the false news aired in this respect and notifies the Ministry that according to information from the relevant judicial authorities in Iran, she will not be executed by stoning punishment.
"It is notable that this kind of punishment has rarely been implemented in Iran and various means and remedies must be probed and exhausted to finally come up with such a punishment.
"It should be added that the stoning punishment has not been cited in the draft Islamic Penal Code being deliberated in the Iranian Parliament.
"The Embassy of the Islamic Republic of Iran highly recommends that news and reports should not be taken for granted and considered a reliable source of information for official statements or misjudgements."
In a letter obtained by Channel 4 News, Mr Ghader-zade wrote: "I, as an Iranian citizen who has not succeeded to get an audience with your office, to you [Ayatollah Larijani], the head of the judiciary, who through the TV networks day in and out announces that justice must prevail and the officials guilty of misconduct will be punished, say that there is no justice in this country, and your justice is only as just as the misconduct of judges of the country who are not corrected by you. I ask you: has justice been served in my mother's case?"
He added: "My mother and I are asking the people of the world to help us, and are deeply grateful for what has been done thus far."
What is death by stoning?
The prisoner is buried either up to his waist (if male) or up to her shoulders (if female) and then pelted with stones by a crowd of volunteers until obviously battered to death. Under the terms of most fundamentalist courts, the stones must be small enough that death cannot reasonably be expected to result from only one or two blows, but large enough to cause physical harm. The average execution by stoning is extremely painful, lasting at least 10 to 20 minutes. (Tom Head, author of Civil Liberties: a beginner's guide)
The prisoner is buried either up to his waist (if male) or up to her shoulders (if female) and then pelted with stones by a crowd of volunteers until obviously battered to death. Under the terms of most fundamentalist courts, the stones must be small enough that death cannot reasonably be expected to result from only one or two blows, but large enough to cause physical harm. The average execution by stoning is extremely painful, lasting at least 10 to 20 minutes. (Tom Head, author of Civil Liberties: a beginner's guide)
Foreign Office Minister Alistair Burt had earlier warned if the execution went ahead, it would "disgust and appal the watching world".
"Stoning is a medieval punishment that has no place in the modern world," he said.
"The continued use of such a punishment in Iran demonstrates a blatant disregard for international human rights commitments which it has entered into freely, as well as the interests of its people."
Nadya Khalife, Middle East women's rights researcher at Human Rights Watch, told Channel 4 News: "International pressure is needed. Advocates within the country are not allowed to put pressure on, or they are not getting anywhere.
"I hope this campaign has some effect on the Iranian judiciary to save this woman's life. Death by stoning is always cruel and inhuman. But this case is particularly abhorrent."
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"I hope this campaign has some effect on the Iranian judiciary to save this woman's life. Death by stoning is always cruel and inhuman. But this case is particularly abhorrent."
Read more
Celebrities including Robert Redford, Emma Thompson and Colin Firth had backed the campaign to save Ms Mohammadi-Ashtiani, who had already been in prison for five years and received 99 lashes for having an illicit relationship - something she had denied.
She was convicted in 2006 of having had an “illicit relationship” with two men. She did confess at the time, but under duress and has since retracted the confession.
Her case was later reopened during the trial of a man accused of murdering her husband. She was convicted of adultery while being married by three of the five judges, despite her earlier conviction and punishment, and sentenced to death by stoning.
The three judges who found her guilty did so on "the knowledge of the judge" rather than hard evidence, a quirk in Iranian law which allows judges to make their own subjective determination on whether a person is guilty even in the absence of evidence in morality cases.
Her death sentence was confirmed by the Supreme Court on 27 May 2007.
Her case has been sent to the Amnesty and Clemency Commission a number of times, but her request for clemency was rejected on all occasions. She is being defended by one of the most prominent human rights lawyers in Iran, Mohammed Mostafaei.
Human rights organisations including Amnesty International had been campaigning on her behalf, with global demonstrations planned, along with appeals for help on Twitter.
David Miliband, candidate for the Labour leadership and shadow foreign secretary, tweeted: "I've signed this petition to stop this cruel and barbaric execution by stoning of Sakineh in Iran."
Amnesty International told Channel 4 News Iran had already executed 126 people this year, despite being a party to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, which requires even states that have not yet abolished the death penalty to restrict its use to "the most serious crimes".
Punishment by stoning explained
Under Iran's penal code, adultery is a "crime against God" for both men and women. It is punishable by 100 lashes for unmarried men and women, but married offenders are sentenced to death by stoning under Article 83.
Adultery must be proven either by repeated confession by the defendant, or the testimony of witnesses - four men or three men and two women. However, the law also allows judges in "hodud", or morality, crimes such as adultery to use their own "knowledge" to determine the case in place of direct evidence. This happened in Ms Mohammadi-Ashtiani's case.
The penal code is also specific about the manner of execution and types of stones which should be used. Article 102 says men should be buried up to their waists and women up to their breasts, and Article 104 states that the stones used should "not be large enough to kill the person by one or two strikes; nor should they be so small that they could not be defined as stones".
Under Iran's penal code, adultery is a "crime against God" for both men and women. It is punishable by 100 lashes for unmarried men and women, but married offenders are sentenced to death by stoning under Article 83.
Adultery must be proven either by repeated confession by the defendant, or the testimony of witnesses - four men or three men and two women. However, the law also allows judges in "hodud", or morality, crimes such as adultery to use their own "knowledge" to determine the case in place of direct evidence. This happened in Ms Mohammadi-Ashtiani's case.
The penal code is also specific about the manner of execution and types of stones which should be used. Article 102 says men should be buried up to their waists and women up to their breasts, and Article 104 states that the stones used should "not be large enough to kill the person by one or two strikes; nor should they be so small that they could not be defined as stones".
An Amnesty International spokesman told Channel 4 News that 11 people, eight women and three men, are awaiting stoning in Iran. There may also be more people under sentence of stoning, which the organisation is trying to confirm.
Since 2006, at least six people have been executed by stoning - five men and one woman.
Three others sentenced for adultery were eventually executed by hanging.
However, 15 people have been saved from stoning - two men and 13 women - largely by the efforts of human rights activists
15 people have been saved from stoning - two men and 13 women, largely by the efforts of human rights activists and lawyers.
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